russian civil war white army

Go. The White movement and its military arm, the White Army, was a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces that fought the Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War (1917–1923) and, to a lesser extent, continued operating as militarized associations both outside and within Russian borders until roughly the Second World War. David Bullock, in The Russian Civil War 1918-22 states. Russian Civil War - Russian Civil War - Foreign intervention: The Allied governments now had to decide on their policy in the confused Russian situation. 2 Ref. While it’s true that these two opposing factions represented the largest and most powerful armies in the five-year conflict that marked the formation of the Soviet Union, there were other blocs vying for control of the former Russian Empire. The White armies were anti-Bolshevik forces who participated in the Russian Civil War. Генерал Барон Врангель с офицерами. A loose confederation of a… See an animated map showing the front lines of the Russian Civil War every two days. Third, the White armies often treated ordinary Russians appallingly. The Russian Civil War (November 1917 – October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire fought between the Bolshevik Red Army and the White Army, the loosely allied anti-Bolshevik forces.Many foreign armies warred against the Red Army, notably the pro-German armies. Skip to main content.ca Hello, Sign in. The fear of losing their independence convinced a great deal of Russians to support the Reds. But the Reds used the idea of foreign support for the White armies as propaganda. A 40-year army veteran, Yudenich was leading operations against the Ottoman Empire in the Caucasus when the revolution erupted. The large population of the major cities was a key resource for the Bolsheviks. 2. The general himself later fled the region, his bags reportedly filled with large amounts of cash supplied by foreign governments. By 1921, most White armies had either disbanded, been defeated or scattered into disarray. This made it difficult to maintain effective control. A 1920 Soviet propaganda poster attacking General Wrangel during the Russian Civil War. The queue for Wrangel ! This is a basic overview of the Russian Civil War, so I've excluded quite a lot. The civil war was fought mostly by Russians loyal to (or forced to fight for) Lenin's communist Bolsheviks against a motley collection of militias known as the White Army… They claimed that the White generals were attempting to defeat the Bolsheviks in order to hand Russia over to foreign imperialists. The ability of the generals to maximise the resource potential of often vast regions remained pitifully weak and largely depended on non-Bolshevik and mainly leftist parties to supply the necessary cadres for administration.” Extraordinary story of British WWI captain's unlikely cult hero status in Russian Empire after fighting for the White Army during the civil war comes to light as his medals sell for £7,500 By late 1919, Kolchak was extremely unpopular, both with the Russians under his rule and the foreign governments who had backed him. Hope everybody can follow this. In January 1918 the Bolsheviks dissolved the Russian Constituent Assembly and proclaimed the Soviets (workers' councils) as the new government of Russia. South Russian Government []. The most common accusation was that they were anti-Russian agents or being bribed by the capitalist governments of Britain, France and the United States. Anti-Bolshevik forces established a coalition government in Siberia in 1918, before Kolchak was installed as leader following a British-back coup. See an animated map showing the front lines of the Russian Civil War every two days. The White Army, also known as the White Guard, was a common collective name for the armed formations of the White movement and anti-Soviet governments during the Civil War in Russia. Their leaders were experienced military commanders. The Russian Civil War was a multi-faction clusterfuck which tore Russia apart between the years of 1917 and 1923. The South Russian Government (Южнорусского Правительства) was a Russian White movement government established by Armed Forces of Denikin in Novorossiysk, Kuban, in March 1920 during the Russian Civil War.. Denikin Government []. The White Armies appeared to have a number of advantages in the Civil War: However, as the Civil War developed, the White Armies began to face major problems and difficulties in organising their campaigns. 1 Background; 2 History. With the fall of the Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky to the Bolshevik ‘Red Army’ in November 1917, a number of anti-Bolshevik forces assembled all over Russia to take part in the Russian Civil War. They had to move their forces and supplies over huge distances. The impact of foreign countries on the Civil War was minimal for a number of reasons: By the end of 1919 most foreign troops had left Russia. The Civil War was born of anti-Bolshevik activity following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the closure of the Constituent Assembly and the revolt of the Czech Legion. February Revolution - Causes, events and effects, October Revolution - Causes, events, effects, Religious, moral and philosophical studies. For more information, visit our FAQ page or Terms of Use. The White Army was never a unified force but rather a number of armies of varying sizes which rarely co-ordinated their efforts. Wrangel (August 27 1878 – April 25, 1928) was an officer in the Imperial Russian Army and later commanding general of the anti-Bolshevik White Army in Southern Russia in the later stages of the Russian Civil War. The Russian Civil War was an ideological conflict between competing groups in Russia from 1918 to 1921. your own Pins on Pinterest Kolchak was a career naval officer and polar explorer who became the dictatorial leader of White-held Siberia. The White threat was at its greatest in October 1919 (Mawdsley, The Russian Civil War, p. 195), but how great this threat was is debated. Early Stalin-era history of the Red Army, including account of its role against White Russians and "allied imperialism" (particularly Britain and France) during the civil war. In the October Revolution the Bolshevik Party directed the Red Guard (armed groups of workers and Imperial army deserters) to seize control of Petrograd (Saint Petersburg) and immediately began the armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire. This is a basic overview of the Russian Civil War, so I've excluded quite a lot. Unlike most of his fellow White generals, Wrangel was also a capable administrator, who recognised the need for public support. This is a look at those White forces. Most of Russia's railways were in this area. First, for the duration of the Civil War, White forces were divided, geographically separated and either unable or unwilling to coordinate their efforts. Try. World War One had ended in 1918, resulting in a lack of commitment to Russia, With the threat of Germany gone, Britain, France and the USA did not feel the need to supply Russia, After World War One, foreign powers lacked resources or troops to spare, Neither the fear of communism, nor the desire to protect Russian autocracy was strong enough to keep Western powers committed to involvement in Russia. The composition and command structure of White armies also varied. He escaped the war by killing a Red Army pilot and parachuting to safety. The remaining scattered resistance was more or less a matter of mopping up for the Bolsheviks. The Russian Civil War ended on November 11, 1920 with the defeat of the White Forces, the Red Army's chief enemy, on the Crimean peninsula. Units were often formed spontaneously in response to local conditions, events or Bolshevik actions. Other forces fought against both these groups or sometimes helped one against the other. The White Generals: An Account of the White Movement and the Russian Civil War (1971) Moffat, Ian C.D. The White Army had the stated aim to keep law and order in Russia as the Tsar's army before the civil war and the revolution of Russia. These differences and divisions, coupled with their inability to gain popular support, prevented the White armies from winning the Civil War. Many White commanders relied on the same brutal tactics – conscription, grain requisitioning, coercion and terror – as their Bolshevik counterparts. The Bolsheviks were able to exploit this to good effect. Russian Civil War (2) White Army; OSPMAA305: Amazon.ca: Electronics. Mark Levene. Originally published by Fire and Steel. The original purpose of intervention, to revive an eastern front against Germany, was now meaningless. Russian Revolution memory quiz – events 1907-1916, Russian Revolution memory quiz – events 1917, Russian Revolution memory quiz – events 1918-1924, Russian Revolution memory quiz – revolutionaries, Russian Revolution memory quiz – tsarists, Russian Revolution memory quiz: concepts (I), Russian Revolution memory quiz: concepts (II), Russian Revolution memory quiz: events 1906 to 1913, Russian Revolution memory quiz: events 1914 to 1916, Russian Revolution memory quiz: events to 1905. Green Army (White Victory) Edit. This was not always true. Members of the White Army include … His forces failed to gain control of the railways, however, which allowed the Bolsheviks to quickly bring in reinforcements from the south. The queue for Wrangel ! This Russian Revolution site contains articles, sources and perspectives on events in Russia between 1891 and 1927. Bolshevik propaganda highlighted the tsarist origins of many White commanders, suggesting a White regime would return Russia to tsarism or something close to it. Other forces fought against both these groups or sometimes helped one against the other. My uncle, Basile Riaboukha, was in the White Army. These White generals were often mocked or satirised in Soviet propaganda. He was forced into retirement by Alexander Kerensky and spent much of 1918 in hiding from the Bolsheviks. The Bolshevik victory ensured the supremacy of the Russian Communists in the nascent Soviet Union. The Russian Civil War pitted communist Red armies against counter-revolutionary White armies in a six year long armed struggle. Thread starter Xasper H. Start date May 12, 2020; Prev. Russian civil war White Army. The Russian Civil War was a three-year struggle for control of Russia, fought by the Bolshevik Red Army, counter-revolutionary White armies and other non-aligned forces. The Allied Intervention in Russia, 1918–1920: The Diplomacy of Chaos (2015) excerpt; Moore, Perry. Title: “The White armies” This site is created and maintained by Alpha History. The Bolshevik war commissar Leon Trotsky was a particular target of this. Also leading a White army in the south was Pyotr Wrangel, a distinguished veteran of World War I who had attained general rank in 1917. The White movement and its military arm, the White Army, was a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces that fought the Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War (1917–1923) and, to a lesser extent, continued operating as militarized associations both outside and within Russian borders until roughly the Second World War. There was often little to distinguish between Red and White rule, leading many Russians to support neither. Their political and military effectiveness was hamstrung by divided leadership, disparate motives and inability to offer hope for the future. Read about our approach to external linking. 2.1 Pre-unification; 2.2 Post-unification; 2.3 Dissolved; Background. White army commanders were mostly former tsarist generals who assumed control of anti-Bolshevik forces in particular regions. The Russian Civil War was a civil war fought from November 1917 until October 1922 between several groups in Russia.The main fighting was between the Red Army and the White Army.The Red Army was an army of communists.The White Army opposed the communists. Hope everybody can follow this. Copyright: The content on this page may not be republished without our express permission. His successor, General Anton Denikin, attempted an assault on Moscow in 1919, before being pushed back toward Crimea. By late 1918, Yudenich had reappeared to assume control of anti-Bolshevik forces along the Baltic coast. . He promised to drive the Bolsheviks from power, however, his campaign also extended to non-Bolshevik socialists, thousands of whom were murdered during Kolchak’s rule. Russian exiles argued that, since the pre-Bolshevik governments of Russia had remained loyal to the Allies, the Allies were bound to help them. This disunity and lack of coordination proved militarily fatal. Russian Civil War - The White Army Leadership of the Whites . This army, which had survived great hardships in the winter of 1917–18 and which came under the command of Gen. Anton I. Denikin (April 1918), was now a fine fighting force, though small… In 1917 Russia was in a state of political strife. White generals did work together at times but for the most part, they operated autonomously and with their own agendas. "The genesis of Russian warlordism: Violence and governance during the First World War and the Civil War." Supported and encouraged by the British, Yudenich launched an attack on Petrograd in October 1919. For more information on usage, please refer to our Terms of Use. [4] With over 825,000 combat fatalities and 2 million more war-related casualties, the Russian Civil War is considered the most costly civil war in modern times. These White armies fought against the Bolshevik Red Army for control of Russia. Stamping Out the Virus: Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War 1918–1920 (2002) Plotke, AJ (1993). Imperial Spies Invade Russia. Russian Civil War (1918–20), conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government led by Vladimir Lenin against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies. World History World War Choir Uniforms Russian Red Russian Revolution Fun World Red Army Soviet Union First World. The Whites had a number of weaknesses that led to their defeat. Much of Russia's industry and raw materials was located in this area. General Nikolai Yudenich, the oldest of the White military commanders, controlled the White army in north-western Russia. The Russian Civil War ended on November 11, 1920 with the defeat of the White Forces, the Red Army's chief enemy, on the Crimean peninsula. Other articles where White Army is discussed: Russian Civil War: Seeds of conflict: …Assembly and (2) the rightist whites, whose main asset was the Volunteer Army in the Kuban steppes. White propaganda drew heavily on the horrors of the Red Terror, the Cheka and war communism. Given the choice between the Bolsheviks and the Whites, it was hardly surprising that Bolshevik support increased dramatically. Most remember the Russian Civil War as a fight between the Bolsheviks or Red Army and the anti-communist White Russian forces.. White Army A loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces that fought the Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War (1917–1923) and, to a lesser extent, continued operating as militarized associations both outside and within Russian borders until roughly World War II. The Russian Civil War (1918-1921)
2. As Commissar for War, he was able to visit the battlefronts in an armoured train, and to take personal command. What is a Civil War?
A Civil War is fought between two sides or factions in the same country.
For example, the American Civil was fought between Americans in the northern and southern states.
In Russia the war was fought between two armies – the White and the Red.
One Viktor Deni cartoon, Dogs of War, shows Denikin, Kolchak and Yudenich controlled by a leash wielded by these foreign powers. A 40-year army veteran, Yudenich was leading operations against the Ottoman Empire in the Caucasus when the revolution erupted. Aside from their opposition to the Bolsheviks, the White armies had little in common and featured different composition, leadership and methods. Main Article Primary Sources (1) David Shub had been a member of the Social Democratic Party in Russia. By the time the whites were a serious organized force the Tzar's family were dead, and the variety of crazed reactionary Generals that made up the white faction were pretty hard to work with. Authors: Jennifer Llewellyn, Steve Thompson The colour white was traditionally associated with the Romanov monarchy, the implication was that the Whites were monarchists. Date published: August 15, 2019 In January 1918 their forces numbered 3,000 men. Anton Ivanovich Denikin (Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин); December 16 [O.S. White Army. After seizing control of Russia from the Provisional Government, the Bolsheviks had to safeguard their fragile grip on the reins of power. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for White Army Awards Russian Civil War Medals Badges Book Catalog Vol. 2. The South Russian Government (Южнорусского Правительства) was a Russian White movement government established by Armed Forces of Denikin in Novorossiysk, Kuban, in March 1920 during the Russian Civil War.. Denikin Government []. Guide at the best … They had the active support of foreign countries, which intervened in the Civil War on their behalf. Large numbers of republicans, liberals, democrats and non-Bolshevik socialists fought with or alongside White counter-revolutionary forces. Russian Civil War - The White Army Leadership of the Whites . Overall, the White armies were middle class in orientation but were amazingly heterogeneous. In January 1920, he was betrayed and handed over to local Bolsheviks in Irkutsk. Many feared that foreign intervention would bring an end to Russian independence in the event of White victory. The military wing of the Bolsheviks, initially called the "Red Guard", … Ukrainian anarchist guerrilla bands were active during the Russian Civil War.Some claimed to be loyal to the Ukrainian state, but others acknowledged no allegiance; all fought both the Red and White Armies with equal ferocity in the opening stages of the Civil War. Russian Civil War - White Army 1918. Support for the war and the Czar, Nicholas II, was dwindling and the country was on the brink of revolution. Russian exiles argued that, since the pre-Bolshevik governments of Russia had remained loyal to the Allies, the Allies were bound to help them. The White army of Denikin was defeated. Originally published by Fire and Steel. This gave them a number of advantages. The February Revolution changed the course of the war; under intense political pressure, the Tsar abdicated and the Russian Provisional Government w… Foreign forces throughout Russia [edit | edit source] The positions of the Allied expeditionary forces and of the White Armies in European Russia, 1919. Contemporary European History (2010) 19#3 pp: 195–213. They became known as the Whites, an umbrella term that described any group or militia opposed to Lenin and his government. The Russian Civil War (Russian: Гражданская война в России, tr. 3If the White Army managed to win the Russian Civil War instead of the Red Army, then either of the following events (or a combination of them) could occur: 1. 3. The Russian Civil War 1. Russian Civil War - Russian Civil War - Foreign intervention: The Allied governments now had to decide on their policy in the confused Russian situation. Contents . Anti-Bolshevik militias and military units were formed in piecemeal fashion in mid-1918, prompted by the uprising of the Czech Legion. Trotsky, former head of the Red Army, isn't mentioned. The White Armies appeared to have a number of advantages in the Civil War: Their leaders were experienced military commanders The White Army in the Russian Civil War (1918 - 1921) While resistance to the Red Guard began on the very day after the Bolshevik uprising, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and the instinct of one party rule became a catalyst for the formation of anti-Bolshevik groups both inside and outside Russia, pushing them into action against the new Soviet government. The Russian Civil War (November 1917 – October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia’s political future. They fought throughout the Russian Civil War until it ended in 1921, at which point,the Green Army was completely integrated into the National Army, which became the armed force of the newly formed Russian Democratic Republic. Military Art Military History Tsar Nicolas Ii Bolshevik Revolution Interwar Period Back In The Ussr Civil War Art Crimean War Russian … In the Don Region, Generals Alexeyev and Kornilov, former commanders in chief of the Russian Army, organized a White Army. Item # 5533 Contents: 5 Mounted Figures - Mounted Officer with Sword and Four Mounted Swordsmen. While resistance to the Red Guard began on the very next day after the Bolshevik uprising, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and the political ban became a catalystfor the formation of anti-Bolshevik groups both inside and outside Russia, pushing them into action against the new regime. They worked to remove Soviet organizations and functionaries in White-controlled territory. A historian’s view: White Army Victory in Russian Civil War. While Denikin wanted to lay siege to Moscow, Wrangel preferred to wait until his forces could link up with Admiral Alexander Kolchak‘s army in the east. The Red Army, led by the Bolshevik faction of Vladimir Lenin, had seized control of … Low moral- their lack of a clear aim or plan was less enticing than the Bolshevik cause- the establishment and survival of the revolution and a communist Russia. 4. Trotsky was able to move troops and supplies quickly to positions under attack. For the most part, these White armies operated independently of each other with little coordination or cohesion. The infamous General Kornilov commanded a White force in southern Russia before his early death in April 1918. Some were filled with hardened veterans of World War I, others with more recent volunteers. “The nature of the civil war meant that White authority in those parts of Russia not controlled by the Bolsheviks remained tenuous, not to say ephemeral. The Whites themselves were avid creators of political propaganda, though it was not as prolific or as effective as Bolshevik material. Of all the anarchist groups, the most famous and successful was that … URL: https://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/white-armies/ Russian Civil War - Red Army 1918. The White armies (also known as the ‘White Guards’ or ‘Whites’) were counter-revolutionary groups that participated in the Russian Civil War. In this lesson we explore the Russian Civil War and the events which caused war to break out between the Red Army and White Army in the years following World War I. Russian Civil War, 1918-1921 The Red Army had survived in 1919 and had time to solidify and become effective. May 15, 2020 #41 SealTheRealDeal. 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