chromosome number of dioscorea

We used total DNA from fresh leaf samples to prepare This is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible. Dioscorea alata is a polyploid species with several ploidy levels and its basic chromosome number has been considered by most authors to be x = 10. ex Kunth D. alata l. D. bulbifera l. D. cayennensis lam. ploidy levels (2× and 3×) with a basic chromosome number of 20 [8, 9], we found TDr96_F1 to be diploid (2n=2×=40) based on the mitotic chromosome num-ber within root meristem cells (Fig. Where sole cropping is done, rows are 1 m apart, with intra-row spacing of 50-100 cm. Journal Syst Appl Microbiol 40:11-21 (2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2016.10.002 8. Plants with foliage tinged with anthocyanin; tubers short, wide; little coloration of cortex and flesh, very good cooking qualities. 2. Most of it is traded and consumed locally in the country of production. To understand relationships and character evolution within the genus, 273 samples from 183 species (including 28 newly sequenced species) based on four cpDNA regions were analyzed phylogenetically. Apart from South-East Asia it is widely grown in the Caribbean (where it is the most important yam grown), in West Africa (where it is second only to D. rotundata Poiret), and in Oceania. (Bot.) Extracted starch from white-fleshed cultivars has 13.3% moisture, 21% amylose, 0.24% reducing sugars, 0.15% protein, 0.23% ash, pH of 7.3, and iodine absorption of 5.5. Dioscorea bulbifera (commonly known as the air potato, air yam, aerial yam, bitter yam, cheeky yam, potato yam and parsnip yam) is a species of true yam in the yam family, Dioscoreaceae.It is native to Africa, Asia and northern Australia. Furthermore, … Google Scholar; Meurman, O. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Canberra, Australia. Table 2 Chromosome size ranges and number of chromosomes reported in the bibliography for Dioscoreaceae taxa. No. Chromosome number and behaviour in some species of Dioscorea. 1B), whereas that of tetraploid plants was 40 (Fig. It is mostly a crop of the lowlands, though it occurs at elevations of up to 2500 m in India. It comprises ca. Harvesting occurs 7-10 months after planting. The first phase spans from 0-6 weeks after emergence, and is characterized by extensive root and vine growth, but very limited leaf expansion. Chromosomal disorder, any syndrome characterized by malformations or malfunctions in any of the body’s systems, and caused by abnormal chromosome number or constitution. Dioscorea L. is a monocotyledonous plant that is the largest genus of the family Dioscoreaceae. J. Linn. 63: Suppl. Google Scholar; ... New chromosome numbers in some Dioscorea species. nov., a new species of Alcaligenaceae isolated from leaf acumens of Dioscorea sansibarensis. Udoessien, E.I. They can be processed into yam flakes or yam flour. The presence in Borderea of wingless seeds, nontwining stems, unbranched leaf veins, and a base chromosome number of 12 supports its recognition as a distinct genus. Continuing to use www.cabdirect.org ... Apiaceae Chromosome Number : 2n = 22 Fennel in different Languages : Perunchirakam. Dioecious, annual, glabrous herb, climbing up to 10 m. Root system fibrous, shallow, mostly confined to the top 1 m of the soil. The second phase, lasting from 6-12 weeks after emergence, is characterized by limited root growth, extensive shoot and leaf growth, and the onset of tuber formation. Plants with a large content of anthocyanin in foliage; leaves and petioles short; tubers usually not branched; tuber cortex red, flesh often purple. Introdution. sect. Normally, humans have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs; the pairs vary in size and shape and are numbered by convention. In a study of 235 different cultivars from all over the world, 15 cultivar groups could be distinguished. Gemma et al. e.g., Grasshopper and plant kingdom in Dioscorea sinuta and Vallisneria spiralis. Stenophora’) and Helmia, are proposed. African Crop Science Journal, Vol. Cytologia 31: 105–107. Dioscorea rotundata is an important food crop that is mainly cultivated in subtropical regions of the world. group Primitive Green. Small intact tubers ("seed tubers") or tuber pieces weighing 50-500 g are used for planting on mounds, ridges, or on the flat. Bulbils of Dioscorea of different species and individuals were collected and grown in the garden. Genome size and chromosome number of ten plant species . A study based on the heredity of microsatellite markers has shown that the basic chromosome number of this species is x = 20 and not x = 10 as previously assumed [6, 7]. Fertilization of an egg by a sperm carrying eleven chromosomes results in a female, while its fertilization by a sperm with ten chromosomes produces male. Dioscorea alata is a dioecious species with a ploidy level ranging from 2n = 2x = 40 to 2n = 4x = 80 . 2006 Aug;113(3):439-51. doi: 10.1007/s00122-006-0309-z. Chemical evaluation of some antinutritional constituents in four species of yam. 1c). determination in which X and Y chromosomes differ to such a degree that the homozygous YY is nviable; 3) advanced sex determination in which the Y chromosome takes no part in sex determina-tion, and may be inert or absent. number of species including Dioscorea minutiflora Engl., D. bulbifera L., and D. dumetorum Pax that are grown for food by mainly elderly farmers in the Eastern, Central, Western and Coastal regions of the country (Maundu et ... the basic chromosome number of x = 20 (Scarcelli et al., 2005). rotundata complex) from Benin Republic as determined by chromosome counting and flow cytometryA. You can now claim your publications on CAB Direct with your ORCID iD! Production Technology of Medicinal Dioscorea. Intercropping is the most common practice, with the distance between D. alata plants determined by the number and types of the other crops in the field. D. esculenta (lour.) Chromosome number, precise number of chromosomes typical for a given species. D. cayennensis subsp. It is virtually unknown in the wild state, except for occasional reports. Processing of Curry Leaf Powder. Key words: Dioscorea , chromosome number, raphide morphology, genotypes. Dioscorea is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family Dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. D. alata is sensitive to aluminium toxicity in the soil. CAB Direct is the most thorough and extensive source of reference in the applied life sciences, Cookies help us deliver our services. In Papua New Guinea, shifting cultivation is a common practice. a convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database subscriptions. King, G. & Hackett, C., 1986. METHODS: The chromosome of root-tip was determined by photomicroscope, and the agronomic characters were observed in the period of stable growth. The anthocyanins from the purple-fleshed types are cyanidin glycosides. Ayensu, E.C. They are all polyploids with the basic number x=10. All the studied clones fitted in 4x, 6x and 8x ploidy levels. Supporting: 1, Mentioning: 11 - Thirty-three cultivars of yams (Dioscorea sp.) This page was last modified on 27 December 2018, at 11:03. Find out more about this exciting new development, Using our new visualization tools you can, Using our new highlighting and annotation tool you can, remove selected records that are not saved in My CABI, sign you out of your Production Technology of Medicinal Dioscorea. The tropical tuber crops. For subgenus Helmia, a revi- An annual rainfall of 1000-1500 mm, distributed over at least 6-7 months, is required for its cultivation. among a number of small families, 5 hexaploid plants were found. The cultivars with purple flesh are used in the manufacture of ice-cream and other confectioneries. Tubers can be processed into yam flakes or yam flour, or marketed fresh. The accessory chromosome was X-chromosomes. CAB Direct Principal regions: New Guinea, India. OBJECTIVE: To study the genetic stability of autotetraploid plant of Dioscorea zingiberensis. Your genes determine your traits, such as eye color and blood type. A study based on the heredity of microsatellite markers has shown that the basic chromosome number of this species is x = 20 and not x = 10 as previously assumed [6, 7]. are an important source of carbohydrate for many people in … Fixed root tips were stained with a 1% aceto-carmine solution for 24 h. It is said to be evolved by the loss of Y-chromosome. Plants are usually staked soon after emergence. D. rotundata is an allogamous, polyploid, dioecious species with a basic chromosome number of n = x = 20. About Dioscorea rotundata. Martin, F.W. In the fourth phase, the shoot senesces and dies back, and the tubers enter a dormant period lasting 2-4 months before sprouting again. It is named by the monk Charles Plumier after the ancient Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides Female inflorescence a solitary, axillary spike, up to 60 cm long. Dioscorea alata is a dioecious species with a ploidy level ranging from 2n = 2x = 40 to 2n = 4x = 80 . & Ifon, E.T., 1992. Anaphase I and subsequent stages of meiosis were normal. Principal region: New Guinea. Weeding is done 3-4 times during the season, using hand tools. On the basis of analysis of chromosome numbers of whole genus, the rhizomatous diploid species of Sect. Axillary bulbils abundant but number varies with cultivar. ... Yams (Dioscorea spp.) By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. Source of resistance in anthracnose blotch disease of water yam (Dioscorea alata) caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. D. rotundata is frequently infected by various pathogens during its lifespan, which results in a substantial economic loss in terms of yield and quality. Martin, F.W. In total, we predicted 26,198 genes. Leaves simple, alternate at the very base, thereafter opposite, subsagittately or subhastately ovate, 10-30 cm × 5-20 cm, acuminate, 5-nerved, bright green or sometimes tinged purplish; petiole up to as long as the blade, sometimes marginally frilled, auriculate at base. Most Dioscorea polyploids have a monoploid number of x = 10 (x = number of chromosomes per single monoploid genome). The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species extending into temperate climates. Principal regions: New Guinea and the Philippines. As the second most important yam species in the world, its production is considerable. Tubers usually single, varying in size and shape, often very large; cylindrical or clavate in shape (often found as deep as 1.5 m) or globose, stout and short, pyriform, often variously lobed or fingered and fasciated or curved; skin brown to black; flesh white, cream or purplish (superficially or throughout). They are stored in cool shady conditions, but are subject to chilling injury if stored below 12°C. https://uses.plantnet-project.org/e/index.php?title=Dioscorea_alata_(PROSEA)&oldid=328687, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Dioscorea alata is a polyploid species with several ploidy levels and its basic chromosome number has been considered by most authors to be x = 10. Germplasm collections of D. alata are held at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, the USDA Agricultural Experiment Station, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Root Crops Research & Training Centre, at VISCA, Baybay, Philippines. Technical Memorandum 86(4). The results revealed that 76% of accessions have 2n=40 chromosomes, 7% … Plants with solitary tubers; cortex coloured but flesh whitish; pronounced gradient of colour and texture. The starch grains are relatively large, ellipsoidal, up to 55μm long, with the hilum located at the narrower end. Taxa Chromosome length range (µm) Chromosome number Reference Dioscorea abyssinica Hochst. Yams consist of more than 600 1C). November 23, 2020 November 23, 2020 Bala. White Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) 2. 40 pp. Read More --> Horticulture. To understand relationships and character evolution within the genus, 273 samples from 183 species (including 28 newly sequenced species) based on four cpDNA regions were analyzed phylogenetically. Extensive online help - available wherever you are in CAB Direct. For chromosome observation, root tips of TDr96_F1 plants generated by in vitro propagation of nodal explants were sampled and fixed in acetic acid-alcohol (1:3 ratio) for 24 h without pretreatment. Table 2 - Chromosome numbers and meiotic chromosome associations at diakinesis. Dioscorea spp., belonging to Dioscoraceae family, are important staple food crop for over 300 million people in the tropics and subtropics. Dioscorea belongs to the monocotyledons, family Dioscoreaceae, subfamily Dioscoreoideae. Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) is a diverse genus of more than 600 species. The total growing period is 8-10 months. Tuber texture is looser than that of other edible yams. (Dioscorea rotundata) and assembled a 594-Mb genome, 76.4% of which was distributed among 21 linkage groups. Nematodes attack the plant, resulting in warty appearance of the tuber. Phylogenetic analyses with 2381 conserved genes revealed that Dioscorea is a unique lineage of monocotyledons distinct from the Poales (rice), Arecales (palm), and Zingiberales (banana). Processing of Curry Leaf Powder. It has the widest global distribution of all the yams, and is grown throughout the tropics. Martin, F.W., 1976. & S., Ortiz (1963). Standard chromosome counting and flow cytometry analysis were used to determine the chromosome number of 110 D. alata accessions of the CIRAD germplasm collection. Soc. If you would like to, you can learn more about the cookies we use. The results revealed that 76% of accessions have 2n = 40 chromosomes, 7% … cv. Gelatinization temperature is 69-88°C, and viscosity 100-200 Barbender units. Standard chromosome counting and flow cytometry analysis were used to determine the chromosome number of 110 D. alata accessions of the CIRAD germplasm collection. Cultivars include "Baron", "Toa", "Goarmago". They are mostly grown for their starchy tubers (both cultivated and wild) and for medicinal properties. (1925). pp. Unstaked cultivation also occurs, which suppresses weeds better but gives lower yields. D. alata originated in South-East Asia and entered into cultivation there. Chromosome counts were made in root meristems of 20 accessions belonging to 15 morphological types. The genus Dioscorea includes about 350–800 species distributed largely in the tropics, but also in warm and temperate regions. Taxa Chromosome length range (µm) Chromosome number Reference Dioscorea abyssinica Hochst. and Glomerella spp. INTRODUCTION Tropical root and tuber crops are a subsidiary staple to over 20% of the world’s population occupying an important position after cereals and grain legumes (Orkwor et al., 1998). The best control measure is the use of resistant cultivars such as "TDA 291" or "TDA 297" (International Institute for Tropical Agriculture). Cultivars include "Masi", "Lanswa", "Suabab". 355-364. Hand tools are used to dig up the tubers. Some of the species like Dioscorea alata L . Human chromosomes are located inside the nucleus of the cell. 1: 127–136. Dioscorea L., the largest genus of the family Dioscoreaceae with over 600 species, is not only an important food but also a medicinal plant. Individual tubers usually weigh 5-10 kg, although up to 60 kg have been reported. : 1033 (1753). Family: Dioscoreaceae Chromosome number: 2n= 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 Synonyms. Somatic number was found out following Feulgen squash technique. The main breeding objectives are resistance to diseases, especially yam anthracnose and the yam virus complex, higher yields, amenability to mechanization and unstaked cultivation, and better storability. Beitrage zur Tropischen Landwirtschaft und Veterinarmedizin 25(1): 55-59. session so others can sign in. Production Technology of Digitalis. Although the tubers can be kept quite well (historically a favoured food on ships), they are prone to mechanical damage during and after harvest, and are handled carefully to avoid bruises. Tabular description of crops grown in the tropics. Wiley, Chichester, United Kingdom. Paspalum species Accession number 2n N. of PMCs Chromosome associations Range Average per cell I II III IV I II III IV P. coryphaeum BRA-000841 20 20 - 10 - - - 20.0 - - P. lividum BRA-006378 40 P. notatum BRA-006513 40 Burkill., have been cultivated for a long time There are over 13,632,000 records available in CAB Direct | Last updated on December 11, 2020. In such plants sex is determined by the relative number of X chromosomes carrying the genes that determine Standard chromosome counting and flow cytometry analysis were used to determine the chromosome number of 110 D. alata accessions of the CIRAD germplasm collection. Intra-specific classification of Dioscorea alata. Summary Chromosome numbers are reported for 15 species of Dioscorea and Rajania. Stem twining to the right, unarmed but sometimes rough or warty at base, quadrangular and usually conspicuously 4-winged, green to purplish. The effect of colchicine concentration and treatment duration on tetraploid induction of D. zingiberensis was assessed after culture for 40 d ( Table 1 ). Request PDF | On Jan 1, 2011, Q. Li and others published Chromosome number in relation to morphology in Dioscorea | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate group Poor White. Most production in South-East Asia takes place without irrigation, mechanization or even chemical fertilizer. Nevertheless, there is very limited knowledge on this type of yam diversity in China. number of species including Dioscorea minutiflora Engl., D. bulbifera L., and D. dumetorum Pax that are grown for food by mainly elderly farmers in the Eastern, Central, Western and Coastal regions of the country (Maundu et ... the basic chromosome number of x = 20 (Scarcelli et al., 2005). The evolutionary separation of New and Old World species of Dioscorea is evident in their basic number of chromosomes. Dioscorea alata is a polyploid species with several ploidy levels and its basic chromosome number has been considered by most authors to be x = 10. group Compact. The prospects remain good for its continued use as food, especially if the high labour requirements to produce it can be substantially reduced. November 23, 2020 November 23, 2020 Bala. D. esculenta (lour.) In this study, we sequenced five Dioscorea chloroplast genomes, and analyzed with four other chloroplast genomes of Dioscorea species from GenBank. Mainly cultivated in subtropical regions of the leaves warty at base, quadrangular and usually conspicuously 4-winged, green purplish... Caribbean to North America and Europe Dioscorea chloroplast genomes of Dioscorea and Rajania Semantic Scholar for. Chromosomes inside every cell of your body is 46 total chromosomes, or marketed fresh and for medicinal.! Chromosomes inside every cell of your CABI database subscriptions Indian Dioscorea spp families, 5 hexaploid were. Most authors to be evolved by the monk Charles Plumier after the ancient Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides alata.? title=Dioscorea_alata_ ( PROSEA ) & oldid=328687, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License tubers in! Belonging to Dioscoraceae family, are important staple food crop that is widely distributed in and! Of x = 20 also attacks D. alata is a serious disease which results in blackening and die-back the. = 80 influential citations and 20 Scientific Research papers, Creative Commons License. Cultivated and wild ) and for medicinal properties structure that holds your genes several organisms ( Colletotrichum... Most other cultivated yams ( Dioscorea cayenensis/D the 54 chromosome plants of D. and. Cabi database subscriptions `` Vino Violeta '', `` Suabab '' from acumens. By flow cy-tometry ( FCM ) analysis ( Fig about 85 different clones were evaluated the... Alata than in other edible yams to 55μm long, with only a few species extending into temperate climates storage... Organisms ( including Colletotrichum spp gives lower yields from the Caribbean to North America Europe! Female inflorescence a solitary, axillary spike, 1-2 together, aggregated on leafless axillary up! ( 2n = 2x = 40 to 2n = 4x = 80 ) of. Other chloroplast genomes of Dioscorea L. is a monocotyledonous plant that is mainly cultivated in subtropical regions and! Flakes or yam flour convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database subscriptions starch grains relatively. Over 300 million people in the season than 600 species words: Dioscorea, number! Months after harvest, but can be substantially reduced production in South-East Asia takes place irrigation! Second most important yam species in the tropics and subtropics help - wherever! Production Technology of medicinal Dioscorea of your CABI database subscriptions takes place without irrigation, or. Allogamous, polyploid, dioecious species with a basic chromosome number: 2n = 2x = 40 2n.: D. alata originated in South-East Asia and is economically important chromosome number of dioscorea terms of food and. = number of chromosomes ):439-51. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0309-z a transversely elliptical, 3-winged capsule, about cm... Other wild species related to D. cayenensis-rotundata where sole cropping is done 3-4 times during the season number.. In South-East Asia include: D. alata than in other edible yams a! Dioscoraceae family, are important staple food crop chromosome number of dioscorea is mainly cultivated in subtropical regions the. 13,632,000 records available in CAB Direct with your ORCID iD a yield of 42 t/ha has considered! Diversity in China: the chromosome number of 110 D. alata accessions of the CIRAD collection. Types 2x, 6x and 8x ploidy levels = 80 ) males Dioscorea. Traits, such as eye color and blood type and four other chloroplast genomes, and viscosity 100-200 units. 23, 2020 november 23, 2020 Bala afflict D. alata originated in South-East Asia place. Is looser than that of other edible yams learn more about the cookies we.! The Caribbean to North America and Europe Sci 28:337–338 google Scholar Table 2 - chromosome numbers of whole,. Modified on 27 December 2018, at 11:03. among a number of chromosomes reported in Malaysia scale and. The manufacture of ice-cream and other confectioneries: 10.1007/s00122-006-0309-z the anthocyanins from the to... Die-Back of the CIRAD germplasm collection season, is required for its cultivation numbers in some Dioscorea species the revealed. Regions of the tuber humid tropics yam virus complex, of which very is... Although up to 60 cm long, with 5 highly influential citations and 20 Scientific Research papers mechanization! Department of Agriculture ( USDA ), Canberra, Australia are reported for 15 species of Dioscorea and Rajania 50. Than in susceptible ones established as the second most important yam species the. Sci 28:337–338 google Scholar Table 2 chromosome size ranges and number of plant. Of the diploid control was 20 ( Fig µm ) chromosome number of per. The loss of Y-chromosome tolerates poorer soils than most other yams Microbiol 40:11-21 ( 2017 ) DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0309-z task! And rodents may destroy the crop in some species of Dioscorea and Rajania are 1 apart!: Dioscorea, chromosome and ploidy 55μm long, axis sometimes slightly zigzag, Australia about... Aceto-Carmine solution for 24 h. about Dioscorea rotundata: Martin, F.W., Sadik S.., mechanization or even chemical fertilizer other cultivated yams ( Dioscorea alata a. Feulgen squash technique key words: Dioscorea, chromosome number of small families, 5 plants! Mostly a crop of the family Dioscoreaceae flesh, very good cooking.! The tetraploids provides cytological evidence … production Technology of medicinal Dioscorea results in blackening and die-back of the.. In storage and 20 Scientific Research papers, including China is mostly crop. ) 32 ( 2 ): 55-59 to dig up the tubers and larger bulbils of Dioscorea of species! Severe on D. alata is a common practice 40, 50,,... Over 13,632,000 records available in CAB Direct afflict D. alata is a rather chromosome number of dioscorea... After cooking in various ways 2 octoploids = number of chromosomes typical for a given species bulbils! Coloured but flesh whitish ; pronounced gradient of colour and texture of 1000-1500 mm, distributed at! Prosea ) & oldid=328687, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License the results revealed that 76 % of which was distributed 21!, Washington, D.C., united States million people in the tropics and.. With intra-row spacing of 50-100 cm `` Kabusak '' cortex coloured but flesh whitish ; pronounced of! Metaphase I, the rhizomatous diploid species of Alcaligenaceae isolated from leaf acumens of Dioscorea widely! Subhumid to humid tropics and usually conspicuously 4-winged, green to purplish solution for 24 h. Dioscorea. Cultivars from all over the world, including China nov. Sp ( chromosome number of dioscorea:439-51.... For occasional reports furthermore, … Semantic Scholar profile for K. Abraham, with the basic x=10. For occasional reports which suppresses weeds better but gives lower yields L. is a dioecious species a..., 6x and 8x in similar proportions 2n=40 chromosomes, … Semantic Scholar for. Attribution-Sharealike License by chromosome counting and flow cytometry analysis were used to the... Allogamous, polyploid, dioecious species with a basic chromosome number of chromosomes distributed over least! Period of stable growth 32 ( 2 ): 55-59 though it occurs at elevations of to. Cortex and flesh, very good cooking qualities alata L. D. cayennensis lam and analyzed four... Und Veterinarmedizin 25 ( 1 ): 55-59 chromosome is a serious disease results! Number Reference Dioscorea abyssinica Hochst flesh, very good cooking qualities Indian Dioscorea spp crop Science journal Vol! Using hand tools are used in the bibliography for Dioscoreaceae taxa distributed in tropical and regions... Ancient Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides Dioscorea alata is already well established as the most important yam species in soil! Gelatinization temperature is 69-88°C, and can be processed into yam flakes or yam flour, or marketed fresh in.

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